Industries

Coal chemistry

Why is it necessary to develop coal chemistry in Kazakhstan?

Large coal reserves are designed for 300 years

The possibility of obtaining more than 400 products from coal

Recycled coal costs 25-30 times more expensive

Only 3% of coal is processed in Kazakhstan

Due to the processing of coal, it is possible to obtain the same products as due to the processing of oil and gas

The price of coal is lower and stable than that of gas and oil

According to preliminary calculations, the unused potential is $25 billion.

Government support

The potential of coal chemistry

Raw materials (coal)

0,7 million tons
Import of the Republic of Kazakhstan ($ 137 per ton)
28,4 million tons
Export of the Republic of Kazakhstan ($25 per ton)
111,4 million tons
Production of the Republic of Kazakhstan
83,6 million tons
Inner market
  • Limit 1
  • Limit 2
  • Application
  • Pyrolysis (heating 900-1050°C)
  • Gasification (gas synthesis 1000-2000°C)
  • Hydrogenation (addition of hydrogen)
  • 1
  • Coal coke:
    No need in RK
    Dumping by the Russian Federation
  • Carbamide
    Ethylene Glycol
  • Agribusiness
    Chemical industry
    Woodworking
  • 2
  • Ammonia
    Methanol
    Ethanol
  • Nitrogen fertilizers
    Polyvinyl Chloride
    Polypropylene
    Hydrogen peroxide
    Acetic acid
  • Agribusiness
    Medicine
    Perfumery
    Detergents
    Pipe products
  • 3
  • Motor fuel: Uncompetitive
  • Liquefied natural gas
  • CHP
    Fuel
Of the three methods of coal processing, gas synthesis is the most promising direction in obtaining goods of deeper processing – the potential of $25 billion

Ammonia is used in the production of fertilizers, grain processing, cosmetics, cleaning products, etc.

Ethanol is used in the chemical industry, disinfectants, medicines, etc.

Methanol is used in the production of dry alcohol, pharmaceuticals, dyes, plastics, etc.

Ethylene glycol is used for the production of brake fluids, antifreeze, etc.

Redevelopment: potential

Taking into account global trends and the availability of raw materials, Kazakhstan needs to develop new coal processing processes, which will allow it to produce products with high conversion

  • Products
  • Sales markets are worth a hundred per ton
  • Potential
  • Ammonia
  • EU $1 300
    South Korea $947
  • $2.6 billion
  • Methanol
  • EU $762
    China $342
  • $5.9 billion
  • Ethanol
  • EU $1320
    Armenia $1,338
  • $3.0 billion
  • Carbamide
  • EU $786
    CIS $506
  • $6.8 billion
  • Ethylene Glycol
  • EU $933
    Turkey $628
  • $1.8 billion
  • Nitrogen fertilizers
  • EU $756
    Turkey $929
  • $0.4 billion
  • Polyvinyl Chloride
  • EU $7 458
    CIS $5,029
  • $0.6 billion
  • Polypropylene
  • EU $1 320
    China $1,216
  • $2.0 billion
  • Hydrogen peroxide
  • EU $600
    CIS $1,737
  • $0.3 billion
  • Acetic acid
  • EU $1 223
    Turkey $904
  • $1.2 billion
Potential: $25 billion Potential calculations: sales markets with a negative trade balance and positive import dynamics for the periods 2018-2022/2021-2022 are taken.

The global market

Kazakhstan is one of the 10 world coal mining countries

The global market
Map
In 2023, global coal production increased by 8.2% as coal prices remained high due to supply disruptions due to the war in Ukraine.

Asian coal mining countries, which account for more than 70% of global coal production, increased production by 11% in 2023, including China by 10%, India by 14% and Indonesia by 12%.

Coal production in Australia, which was affected by heavy rains and floods, increased slightly (0.8%).
Due to high gas prices, in 2023, coal production in Europe increased by 4.8%: in Turkey by 11%, in Germany by 3.5% and in the Czech Republic by 12%.

The volume of production in the CIS countries remained at the same level (0.3%, including 0.4% in Russia), as Russian exports suffered from Western sanctions.

China remained the world's largest producer of coal and brown coal in 2023, providing more than half of the supply (51% in 2023), and its share is growing (4 percentage points from 2019); followed by India (11%) and Indonesia (8%).

Global coal exports and imports

Coal exports - 2022

Статистика
+ More than one third of the world's coal exports are carried out by Australia in the amount of 338 million tons.
+ Kazakhstan is ranked 13th among 100 exporting countries

Coal imports - 2022

Статистика
+ Japan is the leader among the coal importing countries with a volume of 183 million tons.
+ The average import cost in the world for 1 ton of coal is $459. Kazakhstan imports coal for $137 per ton.

International successful cases

CASE

EASTMAN CHEMICAL COMPANY (Tennessee, USA)

They have the only large-scale equipment in the world that uses coal as a raw material for the production of acetic acid and acetic anhydride. The annual production volume is 510 thousand tons per year.

CASE2

SHENHUA (XUAR of the People'S Republic OF China)

The Shenhua plant produces 3.5 million tons of liquid hydrocarbons from coal per year, and also produces 450 thousand tons of polypropylene and 270 thousand tons of polyvinyl chloride.

CASE3

SASOL (South Africa)

Over 50 years of development, SASOL has been producing fuels and chemical raw materials in the amount of 7 million tons per year, occupying 40% of the domestic oil market in South Africa.

The largest coal deposits and major players in the industry in Kazakhstan

  • Hard coal
  • Brown coal

In terms of coal reserves, Kazakhstan is in 8th place, with a volume of 34 billion tons and which will last for 300 years even with active use.

More than 90% of Kazakhstan's coal reserves are located in the northern and central parts of the country.

The largest coal basins are located in the Karaganda and Pavlodar regions.

Global coal prices

Kazakhstan has a competitive advantage compared to industry leading countries

COAST

Turgai basin 51.2 billion tons

The Maikuben basin 5.4 billion tons JSC "Maikuben-West" production: 7.7 million tons

Kushokinskoye field n/a

The Lower Ili basin 13.7 billion tons

Karaganda basin 43.7 billion tons JSC "Shubarkol Komir" 13.8 million tons Kazakhmys Coal LLP 9.1 million tons Qarmet JSC 6.1 million tons

Borlinskoye field 315 million tons

Teniz-Korzhunkol basin 2.6 billion tons

Ekibastuz basin 10 billion tons Bogatyr Access Komir LLP 42.9 million tons EEC JSC 18.5 million tons

Karazhyra deposit 1.2 billion tons Karazhyra JSC 7.9 million tons

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